Copper and stone wheel engraving has been used for many years in decorative industry. Both methods requires a fairly long learning curve and unsuitable for engraving large areas or large pieces of glass. Copper wheel can produse beautifully detailed design, can carve into the glass.
Stone wheel produces coarse to moderately detailed V-shaped and U-shaped grooved engraving. Polished grooves (called "brilliant cutting") give a beautiful finish on cut (stone wheel engraved) crystal pieces.

Sandcarving (also called "sandblasting" or "abrasive blasting") wide used in decorative and architectucal needs. Variety of effects, challenging techniques at all level of expertise. Can be used with very large or very small pieces of glass. Effective with production-line and one-of-a-kind pieces.There are three metods of sandcarving:
  *Surface etching - fast way of produsing graphic images of any size on any type of glass.
  *Carving - highly controllable method for carving deep, complex images in multiple depths, as well as full-relief sculpting in thick glass.
  *Shading - highly cotrollable method of creating complex images using variable gray tones (from black to white). Produces a very delicate look, similar to airbrushing.